Table of Contents
git
Make the clone of the remote repository.
git clone git@github.com:dblume/get-shit-done
git remote add upstream git://github.com/icambridge/get-shit-done
If it's a huge repo, consider blobless and single branch and no tags, like so…
git clone \ --filter=blob:none \ -b main \ --single-branch \ --no-tags \ --shallow-submodules \ --recurse-submodules=os/components/toolchain \ --recurse-submodules=':(exclude)**/porting_kit:' \ git@fake.github.com:project/project.git
Eventually, if you want to add another branch to a single-branch clone:
git remote set-branches --add origin another-branch
Or to de-single-branch-ize a clone:
git remote set-branches origin "*"
Creating a new remote repository from an existing local one
I created hexbright-factory at https://github.com/new. Then, to create a new repository on the command line at the local computer:
touch README.md git init git add README.md git commit -m "first commit" git remote add origin git@github.com:dblume/hexbright-factory.git git push -u origin main
Renaming branches
Updating both local and remote repos
To rename a remote branch:
- Rename the local one.
- Push the deletion of the old name.
- Push the new name.
- git remote prune origin
When someone else renamed a remote branch:
$ git fetch --all # Bring your copy of the remote up-to-date $ git remote prune origin # (where origin is the name of the shared repo)
Creating a branch (and possibly pushing to upstream origin)
$ git switch -c new_branch Switched to a new branch 'new_branch'
That was the same as “git branch new_branch; git checkout new_branch
”
And now if you want to create that branch name at the remote branch, then:
$ git push --set-upstream origin new_branch
Creating a local branch from an existing remote
After doing a fetch, and suppose “origin/remote-branch” exists, then just:
$ git switch remote-branch
Changing a local branch to a new remote branch
This'll work if you don't have a local branch with that name already.
$ git checkout --track origin/branch_name
Making the current local branch track a new remote branch
$ git branch -u origin/branch_name
Updating a local repo after remote's already renamed its branch
git branch -m master main git fetch --all --prune git branch -u origin/main main git remote set-head origin -a
Fixing a bug in its own branch
git switch -c bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix # If main is getting updated, rebase like so: # git switch main # git pull # git switch bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix # git rebase main # --dry-run to test first # Consider whether you want to squash commits before pushing # git reset --soft HEAD~3 # Moves head back 3, and those 3 become staged git commit -m "fixed bug" git push --set-upstream origin bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix # Do a MR/PR that deletes the original branch at the remote git switch main git branch -d bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix git pull
Resolving a Merge Conflict
git mergetool (possibly with filename) # Bring up the vim 3-way diff # +----------+-----------+------------------+ # | (others) | (common) | (my most recent) | # | LOCAL | BASE | REMOTE | # +-----------------------------------------+ # | | # | temp file with <<< ||| >>> diffs | # +-----------------------------------------+ git commit -a -m "Resolved merge conflict"
Possibly keep rebasing.
git rebase --continue git pull
Alternative to Rebasing: Stash, Pull, Unstash
I attempted to rebase my branch to main and end up pulling in all of the intermediate commits on main into my branch, and the merge request suddenly requires approval from unrelated code owners.
Workaround:
Instead of doing a rebase before commit, stash your changes, set the upstream to origin/main, do a pull, unstash the change, then commit and push -f upstream to the branch. Kind of like this:
git stash push -m "hold for pull" git switch main git pull git stash pop # restores stash on top of main git add/commit git push -f origin <branchname>
If others have made changes in the branch you're working on, you can try to rebase directly onto the latest from the remote:
git pull --rebase # --dry-run to test first
Applying changes in a stash to a changed file
When git stash apply
doesn't work: Show the stash changes and pipe that to patch. Now you have a patch you can apply.
git stash show -p | patch -p0
When using Merge Commits instead of Rebasing
Use –first-parent
with git log
.
Two Independent Remotes
After you've already set up one remote, origin
, and you want to map your main
to other-main
at other-origin
, you can do so like:
git remote add other-origin ssh://other.com/project.git git fetch other-origin git branch --set-upstream-to=other-origin/other-main main git pull other-origin other-main --allow-unrelated-histories git mergetool <file-with-conflicts> ... do your pushes and pulls, then to switch back to origin... git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/main main
git at dlma.com
I created a remote git repo at dlma like so:
At the server:
git$ mkdir testcode.git git$ cd testcode.git/ testcode.git$ git init --bare
Then, at the local computer:
testcode$ git init Initialized empty Git repository in /home/David/testcode/.git/ testcode$ git add . testcode$ git commit -m "first commit" ... testcode$ git remote add origin ssh://USERNAME@dlma.com/~/git/testcode.git testcode$ git push origin main
Options are:
- I chose GitHub-like gitlist for https://git.dlma.com, because it works on my shared server.
- cgit might work
- GitWeb (the one built-in.)
Limit scope of huge repos
Create a .gitconfig file at the base of your repo:
- .gitconfig
[remote "origin"] fetch = +refs/heads/main:refs/remotes/origin/main fetch = +refs/heads/user/dblume/*:refs/remotes/origin/user/dblume/* tagopt = --no-tags
Or explicitly specify your flags:
git fetch --no-tags origin main git pull --no-tags origin main git submodule foreach git pull --no-tags origin main
The submodule one is an optimization for the more general:
git submodule update --recursive # Add --init before --recursive on first time
Submodules
Demystifying git submodules is summarized by Julia Evans in a 'zine page here.
Cloning a repo doesn't download its submodules. After cloning, run:
git submodule update --init --recursive
Git pull and checkout don't update submodules. To actually update them, you have to run the following every time you switch branches or pull.
git submodule update --recursive # Add --init before --recursive on first time
git vim mergetool on macOS
File /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.38.1/libexec/git-core/mergetools/vimdiff has this line:
- /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.38.1/libexec/git-core/mergetools/vimdiff
FINAL_CMD="-c \"set hidden diffopt-=hiddenoff | $CMD | tabfirst\""
But vim has a problem with “diffopt-=hiddenoff”