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Make the clone of the remote repository.

git clone git@github.com:dblume/get-shit-done
git remote add upstream git://github.com/icambridge/get-shit-done

If it's a huge repo, consider blobless and single branch and no tags, like so…

git clone \
  --filter=blob:none \
  -b main \
  --single-branch \
  --no-tags \
  --shallow-submodules \
  --recurse-submodules=os/components/toolchain \
  --recurse-submodules=':(exclude)**/porting_kit:' \
  git@fake.github.com:project/project.git

Eventually, if you want to add another branch to a single-branch clone:

git remote set-branches --add origin another-branch

Or to de-single-branch-ize a clone:

git remote set-branches origin "*"

Creating a new remote repository from an existing local one

I created hexbright-factory at https://github.com/new. Then, to create a new repository on the command line at the local computer:

touch README.md
git init
git add README.md
git commit -m "first commit"
git remote add origin git@github.com:dblume/hexbright-factory.git
git push -u origin main

Renaming branches

Updating both local and remote repos

To rename a remote branch:

  1. Rename the local one.
  2. Push the deletion of the old name.
  3. Push the new name.
  4. git remote prune origin

When someone else renamed a remote branch:

$ git fetch --all  # Bring your copy of the remote up-to-date
$ git remote prune origin  # (where origin is the name of the shared repo)

Creating a branch (and possibly pushing to upstream origin)

$ git switch -c new_branch
Switched to a new branch 'new_branch'

That was the same as “git branch new_branch; git checkout new_branch

And now if you want to create that branch name at the remote branch, then:

$ git push --set-upstream origin new_branch

Creating a local branch from an existing remote

After doing a fetch, and suppose “origin/remote-branch” exists, then just:

$ git switch remote-branch

Changing a local branch to a new remote branch

This'll work if you don't have a local branch with that name already.

$ git checkout --track origin/branch_name

Making the current local branch track a new remote branch

$ git branch -u origin/branch_name

Updating a local repo after remote's already renamed its branch

git branch -m master main
git fetch --all --prune
git branch -u origin/main main
git remote set-head origin -a

Fixing a bug in its own branch

git switch -c bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix
 
# If main is getting updated, rebase like so:
#   git switch main
#   git pull
#   git switch bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix
#   git rebase main  # --dry-run to test first
 
# Consider whether you want to squash commits before pushing
#   git reset --soft HEAD~3  # Moves head back 3, and those 3 become staged
 
git commit -m "fixed bug"
git push --set-upstream origin bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix
# Do a MR/PR that deletes the original branch at the remote
git switch main
git branch -d bugfix/JIRA-1-new-bugfix
git pull

Resolving a Merge Conflict

git mergetool (possibly with filename)  # Bring up the vim 3-way diff

# +----------+-----------+------------------+
# | (others) | (common)  | (my most recent) |
# | LOCAL    | BASE      | REMOTE           |
# +-----------------------------------------+
# |                                         |
# | temp file with <<< ||| >>> diffs        |
# +-----------------------------------------+

git commit -a -m "Resolved merge conflict"

Possibly keep rebasing.

git rebase --continue
git pull

Alternative to Rebasing: Stash, Pull, Unstash

Problem:

I attempted to rebase my branch to main and end up pulling in all of the intermediate commits on main into my branch, and the merge request suddenly requires approval from unrelated code owners.

Workaround:

Instead of doing a rebase before commit, stash your changes, set the upstream to origin/main, do a pull, unstash the change, then commit and push -f upstream to the branch. Kind of like this:

git stash push -m "hold for pull"
git switch main
git pull
git stash pop  # restores stash on top of main
git add/commit
git push -f origin <branchname>

If others have made changes in the branch you're working on, you can try to rebase directly onto the latest from the remote:

git pull --rebase  # --dry-run to test first

Applying changes in a stash to a changed file

When git stash apply doesn't work: Show the stash changes and pipe that to patch. Now you have a patch you can apply.

git stash show -p | patch -p0

When using Merge Commits instead of Rebasing

Use –first-parent with git log.

Two Independent Remotes

After you've already set up one remote, origin, and you want to map your main to other-main at other-origin, you can do so like:

git remote add other-origin ssh://other.com/project.git
git fetch other-origin
git branch --set-upstream-to=other-origin/other-main main
git pull other-origin other-main --allow-unrelated-histories
git mergetool <file-with-conflicts>
... do your pushes and pulls, then to switch back to origin...
git branch --set-upstream-to=origin/main main

git at dlma.com

I created a remote git repo at dlma like so:

At the server:

git$ mkdir testcode.git
git$ cd testcode.git/
testcode.git$ git init --bare

Then, at the local computer:

testcode$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/David/testcode/.git/
testcode$ git add .
testcode$ git commit -m "first commit"
...
testcode$ git remote add origin ssh://USERNAME@dlma.com/~/git/testcode.git
testcode$ git push origin main

Options are:

Limit scope of huge repos

Create a .gitconfig file at the base of your repo:

.gitconfig
[remote "origin"]
    fetch = +refs/heads/main:refs/remotes/origin/main
    fetch = +refs/heads/user/dblume/*:refs/remotes/origin/user/dblume/*
    tagopt = --no-tags

Or explicitly specify your flags:

git fetch --no-tags origin main
git pull --no-tags origin main
git submodule foreach git pull --no-tags origin main

The submodule one is an optimization for the more general:

git submodule update --recursive  # Add --init before --recursive on first time

Submodules

Demystifying git submodules is summarized by Julia Evans in a 'zine page here.

Cloning a repo doesn't download its submodules. After cloning, run:

git submodule update --init --recursive

Git pull and checkout don't update submodules. To actually update them, you have to run the following every time you switch branches or pull.

git submodule update --recursive  # Add --init before --recursive on first time

git vim mergetool on macOS

File /usr/local/Cellar/git/2.38.1/libexec/git-core/mergetools/vimdiff has this line:

/usr/local/Cellar/git/2.38.1/libexec/git-core/mergetools/vimdiff
FINAL_CMD="-c \"set hidden diffopt-=hiddenoff | $CMD | tabfirst\""

But vim has a problem with “diffopt-=hiddenoff”

git.txt · Last modified: 2024/06/12 11:29 by dblume